The 20% mortgage down payment is dead

For first-time home buyers, the challenge of coming up with a 20% mortgage down payment is often difficult enough to keep them out of the market. But the fact is, the 20% down payment is all but dead — and has been for quite some time, especially for first-time buyers.

Most buyers make down payments lower than 20%

“It’s been my experience that about half of my clients know that there are loans and/or programs that require less than 20% down,” says Kris Lindahl, a real estate agent in Blaine, Minnesota. “The other half still think that they must have at least 20% down in order to qualify for a home mortgage.”

But most people don’t put 20% down on a home, even though it’s the benchmark most often quoted by lenders and mortgage experts. More than 70% of non-cash, first-time home buyers — and 54% of all buyers — made down payments of less than 20% over at least the past five years, according to the National Association of Realtors.

Michael Facchini of Chicago was 23 years old when he bought a multi-family building in 2003 as his primary residence. He put only 5% down, even back then.

“I own it still today and it has proven to be a fantastic investment, even through the crash of 2008,” says Facchini, now a branch manager at Fairway Mortgage.

» MORE: Best zero and low down payment lenders

First-time home buyers miss out

The typical down payment for 60% of first-time home buyers is 6% or less, according to NAR’s latest data. But NAR’s research finds few adults 34 and younger (just 13%) realize they can buy a house with a down payment of 5% or less.

These low-down-payment programs aren’t new. The FHA has backed home loans with 5% down or less since the 1980s. Conventional loans, mortgages that aren’t directly backed by the government, have had them since the 1990s.

Why don’t home buyers know?

“Many financial advisors, including much of the popular media, speak of the ‘traditional conventional loan’ that assumes 20% down,” Lindahl says. “This type of loan is considered the gold standard and is most often used to quote mortgage rates. Another reason is simply that many banks and lending institutions only deal with 20% conventional loans, as they are considered ‘safer’ and less risky than other lower down-payment mortgages.”

Typical down payments

Consider the typical down payments for different types of loans for the 12 months ending May 2017, according to mortgage lender systems provider Ellie Mae. This information represents an 80% sample of all of the mortgage applications the company processes — about 30% of total loan volume in the U.S. — and is for for all purchase loans, not just to first-time buyers.

Conventional loans, the mortgages lenders prefer to make, can have down payments as low as 3% for qualified buyers. Some lenders offer grants to allow even lower money down. But for the past 12 months, most buyers seeking conventional financing put down 20%, according to Ellie Mae.

FHA loans, often the go-to solution for first-time buyers of modest means, require a minimum of 3.5% down, and sure enough, loan-to-values for the period averaged 96%, probably due to rounding.

VA loans are famous for offering mortgages that require no down payment at all. Still, LTVs averaged 98% over the past year, likely due to borrowers financing their closing costs.

20% is good — but not mandatory

The fact is, 20% down payments aren’t strictly required, but they may be a good idea. Good reasons to put down at least 20% include:

• You won’t have to pay for mortgage insurance
• Your monthly payment will be lower
• You’ll likely earn a lower mortgage interest rate
• Lenders will be more likely to compete for your business

One thing’s for sure: you don’t want to drain all of your savings account, regardless of how much you put down. You’ll want to have some money on hand for the variety of expenses, including closing costs, homeowners insurance and property taxes, that come up as you buy and move in.

And you should be prepared to spend even more on the water heater or other appliance that fails, a lawn mower for that new lawn, or furniture for that guest room you always wanted.

Know your down payment options

The “traditional” 20% down payment may become obsolete, even among big lenders. Brian Moynihan, CEO of Bank of America, told CNBC in May that lowering the down payment requirement from 20% to 10% “wouldn’t introduce that much risk but would help a lot of mortgages get done.”

There are strong arguments to be made for and against 20% down payments. It’s a decision that depends on your particular financial situation, how long you plan on being in a home, and the housing market in your area.

Fannie Mae and California State University-Fullerton research into what U.S. households know about qualifying for a mortgage came to this conclusion:

“Correcting consumer misconceptions may be a more efficient approach to expanding homeownership opportunities by encouraging households who may already be qualified to own homes.”

More down payment information from NerdWallet:

• How Much Down Payment Do You Need to Buy a Home?
• Buying a Home: Saving for a Down Payment
• Down Payment Calculator: Calculate How Much You Need to Save

Hal Bundrick is a staff writer at NerdWallet, a personal finance website. Email: [email protected]. Twitter: @halmbundrick.

The article The 20% Mortgage Down Payment Is Dead originally appeared on NerdWallet.