True to a yia-yia tradition
These days, when Alexandra Panousis takes her girls out to cut weeds for dinner, she stays in the car, directing the action from the front seat of a new Jaguar. Not those, she tells her daughter, Elaine Panousis. You want the type with the yellow flowers. Get the ones with the thinnest stems and the finest leaves, she tells her granddaughter, Alexia Haidos. And when you clean them, bend the stems so they snap at the most tender part.
It’s not that Alexandra is all that bossy; it’s just that she’s almost 97 years old. And though she still gets hungry for horta, it’s getting to be a little hard for her to hunt the hillsides and vacant lots of the Palos Verdes Peninsula the way she has for the last 75 years.
Horta is Greek for greens, including the yellow-flowered wild mustards that light up Southern California in the spring. And Elaine and Alexia are happy to help Alexandra find them. For them, hunting for wild greens -- and Greek cooking in general -- is not only the way to eat well, but also the way to renew family bonds and to keep alive a traditional culture that could easily have been lost to assimilation.
When it comes to cooking, Alexandra’s rules are simple but firm. “Use good stuff, good quality, and you’ll be a good cook,” she says. That includes buying the right cut of meat and using fruits and vegetables in season (the epitome of which is using wild food like the greens).
Even more important: “Cooking takes time, and you have to be patient.” For her tourlou-tourlou, Greek grandma cooking at its best, the vegetables bake at high heat for more than an hour. Tender-crisp it’s not, but it is certainly delicious.
And most important: “You have to enjoy cooking. If you don’t enjoy cooking, I don’t care, you’re never going to be a good cook.”
Those wild mustard greens, gathered in a small lot right around the corner from where they live, can be used in a variety of dishes. Blanched in boiling, salted water to soften their tough texture and take away some of their bitter edge, they might then be folded into an earthy white bean soup, wrapped up in crisp phyllo spanakopita, or added to richly flavored braised lamb.
Or maybe, best of all, there’s the dish Greeks call simply horta (just as Southerners serve a dish called simply “greens”). It couldn’t be easier: Blanch the greens, drain them well and put them in a serving bowl. Heat a quarter-cup or so of olive oil in a saucepan until it’s really hot and then pour it, sizzling, over the greens. Season with salt and that’s it. No garlic, no olives, no yogurt, no spices, but the way the fruity olive oil plays off the fresh, verdant taste of the greens is really remarkable.
Of course, to prepare any of those dishes, you really need wild mustard greens -- spinach, frequently recommended as a substitute, isn’t close. Even domesticated mustard greens don’t have quite the same texture and flavor.
And to get wild mustard greens, you really need to have an experienced guide, though perhaps not necessarily one as experienced as Alexandra Panousis.
She grew up in Vasiliko, Greece, in the Peloponnesian peninsula, the youngest of 12 children born to a family of grape growers. She came to the United States in 1934 after marrying Jimmy Panousis on the heels of a two-week courtship. Her husband, his father and his brother owned a stand in San Pedro called Coney Island Hot Dogs, and he had gone back to Greece to find a bride. The restaurant was a hot spot, and after World War II, Jimmy went into the real estate business, where he was even more successful.
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A roadside ritual
Through it all, Alexandra raised her three children and cooked and cared for her extended family in the Greek tradition. One such tradition is the peripato, a Greek word meaning something like “jaunt” or “stroll.” In an American context, it might translate as “Sunday drive.” And it usually involved cutting wild greens.
Elaine cringes when she remembers accompanying her mother and father on their peripata when she was a youngster in the 1950s. The whole family would pile into the Cadillac and head off hunting for weeds.
As Alexia says, if someone ever records a “You Might Be Greek If . . . “ comedy album, “having a knife in the trunk to cut greens” should definitely be included.
“Growing up, if you saw ‘My Big Fat Greek Wedding,’ that’s exactly what it was like,” Elaine says. “It’s like you’re living a double life. You’re living a Greek life and you want to live your American life at the same time. You’re just kind of balancing it the whole time.
“I loved my family and loved my Greek heritage, but I’m certainly not going to say I wasn’t self-conscious. Stopping by the side of the road and going to pick greens, all I could think of was ‘Oh my God, if somebody drives by and sees us!’ But you just grow out of it.”
By the time Alexia was growing up in the 1960s and ‘70s, that wasn’t as much of a problem. Whether it was a generational thing or simply that going for a ride with yia-yia and papou also meant stopping for strawberries at Annie’s roadside stand above Abalone Cove, or maybe even getting a cone at Currie’s Ice Cream Parlor in San Pedro, is hard to say.
“[Elaine’s] generation was still assimilating and so there may have been issues, but with my brother and my cousin and I, we just thought it was fun for us to be with our grandparents,” Alexia says. “It was an adventure. We’d go all over the backside of PV, and they had all the good spots scoped out.”
Cooking was another hurdle. In the Panousis family, the preparation of big meals sometimes seems like a sport -- a contact sport. Dishes are rigorously critiqued and only the thick of skin should venture into the kitchen.
Alexia says one of her favorite parts of family dinners is the postgame show, listening to her grandmother analyze everything that was served. Even at 96 (her birthday is April 15), Alexandra is acute in her food observations. She has a satellite dish that brings her Greek television stations, including a Greek version of the Food Network. And, her granddaughter laughs, Alexandra sometimes confides that she’s amazed the chefs somehow learned her cooking secrets.
“Oh my God, she’s a tough reviewer,” says Elaine. So tough, in fact, that Elaine says she didn’t really start cooking until she was 28, and then only from diet guru Adelle Davis. “I guess I lived on wheat germ and soy flour for years. It was like my mainstay.”
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Like mother, like . . .
In fact, it was only fairly recently that she began cooking Greek food. But when her mother had her first bout of ill health five years ago, Elaine decided, “I’ve just got to do it and we just went through it.”
When Alexandra got out of the hospital, she moved up the street from the house she’d shared with Elaine, to the home of Alexia’s mother and father, Christine and Alek Haidos, because it was more wheelchair accessible.
And Elaine began cooking her Sunday dinners. “I’ll take her something Greek that she loves. It’s a lot easier now,” she says. “She’s been on my side for quite a while.
“It didn’t take that long, actually. In the beginning, I was always on the phone with her, asking her, ‘OK, what do I do now?’ These days, it’s kind of sad because I don’t have to ask her that many questions and I kind of miss it.”
Indeed, Alexandra even goes so far as to tell visitors that Elaine has mastered many of her old dishes. “She was interested when she was younger, but she was a little rebellious,” her mother says. “But now she’s a good cook. Now she has my own taste.”
One of those dishes is a wonderfully subtle dessert called koliva, which in the Greek Orthodox tradition is served as a memorial to the departed. Made simply from wheat berries that have been boiled until they are tender and chewy and then mixed with chopped nuts and dried fruit, it is spiced with cinnamon and anise seeds and blanketed with ground graham crackers and powdered sugar. The final dish is a complex mix of earthy, nutty, spicy flavors delivered with a very delicate hand.
Elaine has even become a good example, something that might not have seemed possible to her when she was young.
Alexia sometimes makes a dish of gigante beans stewed until they’re buttery and smooth in a spicy tomato sauce. “You know what? I use canned tomato sauce. I just don’t have the time” she says. “But I’ll bring it to yia-yia and she’ll say, ‘Well, you know, your aunt uses fresh tomatoes,’ and I’ll know she’s just not digging that tomato sauce. Not at all.”
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Tourlou-tourlou (Greek baked vegetables)
Total time: About 2 hours
Servings: 8 to 10
Note: This is adapted from a recipe by Alexandra Panousis.
5 medium artichokes
Juice of 2 lemons
2 onions, cut into 1/2 -inch lengthwise slices
4 cloves garlic, crushed
1/2 cup olive oil
5 plum tomatoes, peeled, seeded and chopped
Salt
1 pound green beans, ends trimmed
1 cup water
1 green bell pepper, diced
2 Japanese eggplants, cut in 1/2 -inch slices
2 zucchini, cut in 1/2 -inch slices
2 potatoes, peeled and cut in 1/2 -inch slices
6 carrots, peeled and cut in 1/2 -inch slices
1 (16-ounce) package frozen lima beans
1/4 cup chopped Italian parsley
1/4 teaspoon pepper
1. Heat the oven to 400 degrees. Clean and trim the artichokes: With a sharp knife, peel the outer stem of the artichoke and trim the stem, then peel the tough, thick outer leaves until you reach the tender leaves toward the center. Using kitchen shears, trim the tips of the leaves. Quarter the artichokes lengthwise and, with a spoon, scoop out the fuzzy center and tough, pointed petals. Place the trimmed artichokes in a large bowl of cold water along with the lemon juice; keep submerged until needed.
2. In a large pot, cook the onions and garlic in olive oil over medium heat until they soften and are fragrant, about 5 minutes, stirring occasionally. Add the tomatoes and cook, stirring frequently, until they begin to break down, about 5 minutes. Season with one-half teaspoon salt, or to taste. Add the green beans and cook an additional 5 minutes, stirring frequently. Stir in the water and bring to a simmer.
3. Spread the green bean mixture evenly across the bottom of a large roasting pan. Add the artichokes, bell pepper, eggplants, zucchini, potatoes, carrots, lima beans and parsley. Season with three-fourths teaspoon salt and one-fourth teaspoon pepper.
4. Bring the mixture to a simmer on top of the stove and cook, without stirring, for 5 minutes. Transfer the pan to the oven and bake until the vegetables are tender and covered with glaze, with no remaining sauce in the pan, 1 to 1 1/2 hours, gently stirring every half-hour. If there is still sauce in the pan when the vegetables are done, place the pan on the stove over medium-high heat to finish the cooking.
Each of 10 servings: 308 calories; 10 grams protein; 46 grams carbohydrates; 13 grams fiber; 12 grams fat; 2 grams saturated fat; 0 cholesterol; 412 mg. sodium.
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Baked gigantes (oven-baked white beans)
Total time: 1 hour, 45 minutes plus soaking time for the beans
Servings: 6 to 8
Note: This recipe is based on one by Alexia Haidos. Gigantes beans can be found at Greek markets and select cooking supply stores. You can substitute 1 (14-ounce) can of tomato sauce or stewed tomatoes for the fresh tomatoes.
1 pound dried gigantes or large lima beans
Salt
1/4 cup olive oil
6 cloves garlic, crushed
1 onion, grated
1 1/4 cups hot vegetable broth, plus more as needed
1/2 cup chopped Italian parsley
Pinch dried red pepper flakes
2 large tomatoes, peeled, seeded and chopped
2 tablespoons tomato paste
Pepper
1 lemon
1. Soak the beans. To cold-soak them, cover with plenty of cold water and let them stand overnight. To hot-soak them, cover them with plenty of boiling water and let stand 1 hour.
2. Drain the beans and place them in a large saucepan. Add cold water to cover, season with 1 teaspoon salt and bring to a simmer. Continue to simmer until crisp-tender, 30 minutes to 1 hour (the timing can vary widely and will depend on the type and age of the beans), then drain the beans.
3. Heat the oven to 350 degrees. Combine the olive oil, garlic and the onions in a baking dish and bake until the onions soften and turn golden, about 15 minutes. Add the beans to the onion mixture, stirring to coat, and return to the oven for 15 more minutes.
4. Gently stir in the hot broth, parsley, dried red pepper flakes, chopped tomatoes, tomato paste, 1 teaspoon salt and one-eighth teaspoon pepper, or to taste, and bake until the beans are tender and buttery, 20 minutes to 1 hour, stirring every 20 minutes. If the mixture begins to dry out before the beans are tender, add a little more broth.
5. Before serving, season to taste and add a squeeze of lemon juice.
Each of 8 servings: 249 calories; 12 grams protein; 35 grams carbohydrates; 11 grams fiber; 7 grams fat; 1 gram saturated fat; 0 cholesterol; 790 mg. sodium.
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Koliva (Greek wheat berry dessert)
Total time: 1 hour, 20 minutes, plus drying time for the wheat berries
Servings: 6
Note: This is adapted from a recipe by Elaine Panousis. In season, you can add fresh pomegranate. Some cooks add chopped fresh parsley or mint. Wheat berries are available at health food stores and Whole Foods.
Salt
1 cup wheat berries
1/2 cup toasted slivered almonds
1/2 cup walnut pieces
1/4 cup raisins
1/4 cup dried cranberries
1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/4 teaspoon anise seeds
1 teaspoon toasted sesame seeds
1/4 cup ground graham crackers (from about 1 1/2 whole)
2 tablespoons powdered sugar
1 1/2 cups lightly whipped unsweetened heavy cream, or to taste
1. Bring a large pot of water to a full boil and salt lightly. Add the wheat berries, reduce the heat to a fast simmer and cook until the wheat berries are tender but still chewy, about 1 hour. Drain the wheat berries, rinse under cold running water to stop the cooking and drain again, shaking the strainer to remove as much water as possible.
2. Lay a kitchen towel in the bottom of a jellyroll pan and distribute the wheat berries evenly across it. Lay another kitchen towel on top and set aside to let the wheat berries dry thoroughly, at least 1 hour to overnight. (The dish can be prepared to this point up to 48 hours in advance; when the wheat berries are dry, refrigerate them in a tightly sealed plastic bag.)
3. Transfer the wheat berries to a mixing bowl. Pulse the almonds and walnuts in a food processor to small pieces and add them to the wheat berries. Pulse the raisins and cranberries in a food processor too and add them to the wheat berries and nuts (if the raisins and cranberries stick together, break the clumps with your hands while stirring them into the wheat berry mixture). Season with the cinnamon, and anise and sesame seeds and mix well.
4. Transfer the wheat berry mixture to a serving bowl, arranging it in a shallow dome. Sprinkle the graham cracker crumbs evenly over the top of the wheat berry mixture. Shake the powdered sugar through a strainer or sifter over the top to lightly cover the mixture.
5. Serve with the whipped cream on the side.
Each serving: 383 calories; 9 grams protein; 39 grams carbohydrates; 6 grams fiber; 23 grams fat; 8 grams saturated fat; 41 mg. cholesterol; 34 mg. sodium.
