Standing Tall : Tustin Blimp Hangars Honored as Feats of Engineering

TUSTIN —  To see a group of engineers gush over the blimp hangars at the Tustin Marine Corps Air Station, you would think the giant structures were the eighth wonder of the world.

That might be exaggerating the hangars’ importance, said Fred J. Meier, a retired civil engineer from Santa Ana. But not by much.

Thanks to a nearly three-year effort by Meier, the twin hangars received the same national recognition from his peers that has been extended to other engineering landmarks in the United States, including the Statue of Liberty and the Golden Gate and Brooklyn bridges.

In a ceremony Thursday at the Marine base, the American Society of Civil Engineers dedicated a plaque that recognized the two hangars as the largest wooden frame structures in the world. Although the buildings already are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the event still had all the pomp of a military ceremony, complete with color guard.

“What makes these hangars unique is they are the largest wooden structures of their kind in the world,” Meier said. “The frame is made entirely of wood, and we believe they support the largest covered space of any building in the world.”

Built in 1942 at a cost of $2.5 million each, the hangars housed 12 blimps that were used for submarine patrol. Each structure is 18 stories high, 1,088 feet long, 297 feet wide and covers almost 300,000 square feet. It would be possible to play a basketball game, football game and soccer match in one building simultaneously.

The huge wooden doors, which have six leaves that weigh 26 tons to 39 tons each, fold open on steel rails like an accordion, powered by electric motors at each end. Giant concrete pylons anchor each corner of the hangars.

Construction was supervised by the Navy Department’s Bureau of Yards and Docks. Wood was used for the framing because steel was needed to build ships, tanks and weapons during World War II.

Hank Klehn, executive vice president of Dames & Moore, a Los Angeles-based engineering firm that helped build the hangars, said the soft, swampy ground presented a challenge that few engineers had faced.

“Back then, our firm was one of a handful in the country that specialized in foundation engineering,” Klehn said. “Our engineers bored 150 feet down to get soil samples that were tested for strength and compressibility. From those tests, the engineers decided the best foundation for the buildings were pilings that were pounded 100 feet into the ground.”

The fact that the pilings and buildings have survived several earthquakes is testament to the ingenuity of the engineers, who were working in a new science, Klehn said.

After the war, the blimps were phased out, and over the years the hangers saw a varietyof non-military uses. In 1949, Howard Hughes rented space in one hangar for a blimp that his company used to advertise the movie “The Outlaw,” which was produced by Hughes and starred Jane Russell. Local canning and trucking companies also rented storage space in the hangars in 1950.

In 1951, when the Korean War began, Tustin was recommissioned as the first Marine helicopter base. Today, each hangar can house almost 100 helicopters.

The Marine Corps is scheduled to close the base by 1997 and turn the land over to the city of Tustin. The fate of the hangars has not been determined.

“This is not an attempt to preserve the buildings,” Meier said. “I would like to see them preserved, but that’s not up to me or to our group. We simply want them to be recognized for the engineering marvel that they are.”