Dear parents, teachers and educators,

For 20 years, the Los Angeles Times has been your partner in education. Reading by 9 represents our commitment toward developing literacy skills for children throughout Southern California. The program continues to be an important tool for helping children learn to read.

According to the 2017 California Assessment of Student Performance and Progress, nearly half of the third grade students in the LAUSD did not meet the English language arts and literacy standards needed to succeed in school. Too many children lack the critical skills needed to engage with reading.

The third grade is a significant milestone for evaluating children’s reading proficiency. Research shows that children who are able to read by the end of the third grade are more likely to graduate from high school. Reading opens doors to academic fulfillment, career readiness, and opportunities throughout a child’s lifetime. But the benefits go beyond these practicalities.

Reading allows children to explore their worlds through the magic of stories. In the pages of a book, they discover curiosity and empathy. They learn to see the world not just through their eyes but through the eyes of others. In a city as diverse as Los Angeles and an environment as global and interconnected as our world, this is an invaluable skill.

The Reading by 9 annual publication How to Raise a Reader was developed in partnership with Common Sense Media, an independent nonprofit organization dedicated to empowering children in a world of media and technology. Available in English and Spanish, the guide is free and has tips and ideas for incorporating reading into a child’s daily life. Its recommendations — books and audiobooks, local literacy resources, and more — highlight a wide array of perspectives, cultures, and experiences in which all children can see themselves reflected or can find a window into someone else’s story.

The guide is distributed to parents, teachers, and educators throughout California with the help of community-based organizations and schools.

We hope that the guide will serve as a valuable resource and help prepare children for a brighter future.

Thank you for reading,

Suzy Jack
Vice President of Public Affairs
Los Angeles Times

Presented by the Los Angeles Times and Common Sense Media

Tips and tricks

Notable authors and illustrators highlight the importance of representation

A good book offers kids a mirror that reflects their own lives and a window that lets them see into the worlds of others.

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How to inspire your reluctant reader to pick up a book

Forcing your child to read won’t work. But don’t worry — these tips will help you motivate them.

READ MORE

Expand your child's vocabulary and encourage critical thinking with audiobooks

Here are four must-listens to download to your family library.

READ MORE

7 tips to cultivate lifelong reading habits for your toddler

Tablets and TVs aren’t the enemy. Here’s how to get your toddler back on books after they’ve gotten a taste of screen time.

READ MORE

To raise your kids to be bilingual — and biliterate — you need to get creative

Tap into these little-known media tricks to keep your family on track when language apps just aren’t enough.

READ MORE

Book recommendations

For babies and preschoolers

Ages 2-5

The Adventures of Beekle the Unimaginary Friend by Dan Santat

Cute, fresh take on having an imaginary friend. Age: 3+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

Drum Dream Girl: How One Girl’s Courage Changed Music by Margarita Engle

Gorgeous, magical story of a girl with music in her heart. Age: 3+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

Niño Wrestles the World by Yuyi Morales

Boy plays Mexican wrestler in exuberant bilingual tale. Age: 4+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK
BUY THIS BOOK

Last Stop on Market Street by Matt de la Peña

Tender story of Nana showing grandson city beauty via bus. Age: 4+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

Crown: An Ode to the Fresh Cut by Derrick Barnes

Joyful, foot-tapping celebration of fresh haircut, culture. Age: 5+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

For first and second graders

Ages 6-8

A Different Pond by Bao Phi

Exquisitely tender family story of Vietnamese refugees. Age: 6+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

The Chinese Emperor's New Clothes by Ying Chang Compestine

Clever twist on classic tale adds dimension and great art. Age: 6+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

Amina's Voice by Hena Khan

Beautiful tale of Pakistani American middle-schooler. Age 8+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

The First Rule of Punk by Celia C. Pérez

Creative Latina finds her voice and pride in spirited tale. Age 8+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

Gone Crazy in Alabama by Rita Williams-Garcia

Harrowing tale of Gaither girls' summer in the South. Age 8+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

Secret Coders, Book 1 by Gene Luen Yang

Fun, funny graphic novel promotes programming. Age: 8+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

For third and fourth graders

Ages 9-10

Bud, Not Buddy by Christopher Paul Curtis

Well-crafted tale of an orphan's search for home. Age: 9+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

The Crossover by Kwame Alexander

Soaring, poignant novel in verse hits all the right spots. Age: 9+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

As Brave as You by Jason Reynolds

Poignant summer adventure brims with family love and hope. Age: 10+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

Brown Girl Dreaming by Jacqueline Woodson

Captivating poems depict coming of age in tumultuous 1960s. Age: 10+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

Inside Out and Back Again by Thanhha Lai

Inspiring, educational immigrant story told in free verse. Age: 10+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

Summer of the Mariposas by Guadalupe Garcia McCall

Fantastical quest explores sisterhood and Mexican legends. Age: 10+

FULL REVIEW

BUY THIS BOOK

Reading milestones

This is a general outline of the milestones on the road to reading success. Keep in mind that kids develop at different paces and spend varying amounts of time at each stage. If you have concerns, talk to your child’s doctor or teacher or the reading specialist at school. Early intervention is key in helping kids who struggle to read.

Infancy (Up to Age 1)

Kids usually begin to:

  • Learn that gestures and sounds communicate meaning.
  • Respond when spoken to.
  • Direct their attention to a person or object.
  • Understand 50 words or more.
  • Reach for books and turn the pages with help.
  • Respond to stories and pictures by vocalizing and patting the pictures.

Toddlers (Age 1-3)

Kids usually begin to:

  • Answer questions about and identify objects in books — such as “Where’s the cow?” or “What does the cow say?”
  • Name familiar pictures.
  • Use pointing to identify named objects.
  • Pretend to read books.
  • Finish sentences in books they know well.
  • Scribble on paper.
  • Know names of books and identify them by the picture on the cover.
  • Turn pages of board books.
  • Have a favorite book and request it to be read often.

Early Preschool (Age 3)

Kids usually begin to:

  • Explore books independently.
  • Listen to longer books that are read aloud.
  • Retell a familiar story.
  • Sing the alphabet song with prompting and cues.
  • Make symbols that resemble writing.
  • Recognize the first letter in their name.
  • Learn that writing is different from drawing a picture.
  • Imitate the action of reading a book aloud.

Late Preschool (Age 4)

Kids usually begin to:

  • Recognize familiar signs and labels, especially on signs and containers.
  • Recognize words that rhyme.
  • Name some of the letters of the alphabet (a good goal to strive for is 15–18 uppercase letters).
  • Recognize the letters in their names.
  • Write their names.
  • Name beginning letters or sounds of words.
  • Match some letters to their sounds.
  • Develop awareness of syllables.
  • Use familiar letters to try writing words.
  • Understand that print is read from left to right, top to bottom.
  • Retell stories that have been read to them.

Kindergarten (Up to Age 5)

Kids usually begin to:

  • Produce words that rhyme.
  • Match some spoken and written words.
  • Write some letters, numbers, and words.
  • Recognize some familiar words in print.
  • Predict what will happen next in a story.
  • Identify initial, final, and medial (middle) sounds in short words.
  • Identify and manipulate increasingly smaller sounds in speech.
  • Understand concrete definitions of some words.
  • Read simple words in isolation (the word with definition) and in context (using the word in a sentence).
  • Retell the main idea, identify details (who, what, when, where, why, how), and arrange story events in sequence.

1st & 2nd Grades (Age 6–7)

Kids usually begin to:

  • Read familiar stories.
  • “Sound out” or decode unfamiliar words.
  • Use pictures and context to figure out unfamiliar words.
  • Use some common punctuation and capitalization in writing.
  • Self-correct when they make a mistake while reading aloud.
  • Show comprehension of a story through drawings.
  • Write by organizing details into a logical sequence with a beginning, middle, and end.

2nd & 3rd Grades (Age 7–8)

Kids usually begin to:

  • Read longer books independently.
  • Read aloud with proper emphasis and expression.
  • Use context and pictures to help identify unfamiliar words.
  • Understand the concept of paragraphs and begin to apply it in writing.
  • Correctly use punctuation.
  • Correctly spell many words.
  • Write notes, like phone messages and email.
  • Understand humor in text.
  • Use new words, phrases, or figures of speech that they’ve heard.
  • Revise their own writing to create and illustrate stories.

4th through 8th Grades (Age 9–13)

Kids usually begin to:

  • Explore and understand different kinds of texts, like biographies, poetry, and fiction.
  • Understand and explore expository, narrative, and persuasive text.
  • Read to extract specific information, such as from a science book.
  • Understand relations between objects.
  • Identify parts of speech and devices like similes and metaphors.
  • Correctly identify major elements of stories, like time, place, plot, problem, and resolution.
  • Read and write on a specific topic for fun, and understand what style is needed.
  • Analyze texts for meaning.

Additional Resources

For parents: readingbrightstart.org, kidshealth.org

For educators: classroom.kidshealth.org

© 1995-2018. The Nemours Foundation/KidsHealth®. Reprinted with permission.

Local resources

Many organizations in the Los Angeles area provide multilingual literacy resources and programming for children and families at little or no cost.

For ages 0-5

Abriendo Puertas/Opening Doors

1000 N. Alameda St., #240 Los Angeles, CA 90012

213-346-3216

Website

El Centrito Family Learning Centers

450 South K St., Room 112 Oxnard, CA 93032

805-483-8685

Website

Families Forward Learning Center

980 N. Fair Oaks Pasadena, CA 91103

626-792-2687

Website

Hands Together

201 Civic Center Drive East Santa Ana, CA 92701

714-479-0294

Website

Orange Children & Parents Together

1063 N. Glassell St. Orange, CA 92867

714-639-4000

Website

Westside Children’s Center

5721 W. Slauson Ave., Suite 140 Culver City, CA 90230

310-846-4100

Website

For ages 6-8

826LA

12515 Venice Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90066

310-915-0200

Website

Proyecto Pastoral

135 N. Mission Rd. Los Angeles, CA 90033

323-881-0081

Website

South Central LAMP

892 E. 48th St. Los Angeles, CA 90011

323-234-1471

Website

For all ages

CSUN LA Times Literacy Center

18111 Nordhoff St. Northridge, CA 91330

818-677-7394

Website

Koreatown Youth and Community Center

3727 W. 6th St., #300 Los Angeles, CA 90020

213-365-7400

Website

Los Angeles Public Library

72 branches throughout the city

213-228-7000

Website

Mar Vista Family Center Preschool

5075 S. Slauson Ave. Culver City, CA 90230

310-390-9607

Website

Mexican American Opportunity Foundation

Multiple locations in Los Angeles County

323-890-9600

Website

Parentis Foundation

24012 Calle de la Plata, Suite 400 Laguna Hills, CA 92653

949-305-2716

Website

Pathways LA

3325 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1100 Los Angeles, CA 90010

213-427-2700

Website

Check online or call to make sure the services listed are still provided.

Don’t have a computer or internet access at home? The Los Angeles Public Library can help. Library cardholders can reserve computers at their local branch, and free Wi-Fi is available for visitors. Call the central branch at 213-228-7000 or visit lapl.org/branches for more information and to locate the branch nearest you.

This supplement did not involve the editorial or reporting staff of the Los Angeles Times.

To order additional copies or download a digital version of the 2018 Parent Reading Guide, please visit latimes.com/readingby9. The guide is free of charge to parents, educators, and organizations working with children and families. To contact us with comments and questions or to receive more information, please email [email protected].

Los Angeles Times Public Affairs manages philanthropy, community engagement, and corporate social responsibility at the nation’s largest metropolitan daily news organization. We broaden perspectives, empower storytellers, and inspire our community to question and transform the world around them. For more information, visit latimes.com/readingby9.

Common Sense is the nation’s leading independent nonprofit organization dedicated to empowering kids to thrive in a world of media and technology. Families, educators, and policymakers turn to Common Sense for unbiased information and trusted advice to help them learn how to harness the positive power of media and technology for all kids. For more information, visit commonsense.org or contact our Los Angeles office at 310-689-7537.

Credits: Produced by Alexa Diaz and Sean Greene